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The recent surge in Islamic fundamentalism has been a source of worry and discomfort not only to the Western powers but nearly to all the regimes in the Middle East. This has been particularly true in the case of countries which have vital interests in the area and whose technological development and daily life heavily depends on the availability of energy derived from petroleum. These vast oil resources are controlled in the Middle East by Kuwait, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates. Saudi Arabia has the largest petroleum reserves followed by Iran and Iraq. Iran possesses the second largest gas reserves in the world, estimated to last for 1,200 years under the present level of global consumption. It has the most literate (82.3 percent adult population) and highly educated population of 71.2 million, much exceeding those of all the others combined. Its remarkable Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 286 billion with an impressive 6.9 percent (2002-2006) annual growth rate of real GDP, despite all international economic sanctions against it. [The Economist, Pocket World in Figures, 2910 Edition, p. 263.]

Iran is also a large country (1,648,000 sq km) most strategically located in the Middle East, having an extended border with the countries of ex-Soviet Union in the north, with Iraq and Turkey in the west, Afghanistan and Pakistan in the east, and the Persian Gulf and sea of Oman in the south with control over all northern shores of both. Consequently, Iran considers itself the legitimate authority as the guardian of the Persian Gulf and views the presence of foreign powers as an infringement on its legitimate right. Iran believes that the Persian Gulf should be governed by the countries bordering it, the major authority being vested on Iran because of some 40 percent of shores and Straight of Hormuz, the only exit from the Gulf, under its control. During the last decade, Iran has been in the process of developing political and ideological influence among all countries bordering it plus those of Central Asia.

This unique strategic position of Iran has always attracted the attention of great Western powers such as Great Britain, France, Germany, the old Russia and then theSoviet Union, and for the last four decades, the United States. Presently both Russia and China have established friendly relations with Iran. France, England and Germany are trying to recover their pre-Revolution positions, though not their influence. The point is that there cannot be any plan to stabilize the region with the exclusion of Iran. This country has been and is the pillar of the Middle East diplomacy. It is a country that has kept its independence for nearly 3,000 years and by high cultural and intellectual heritage has been able to assimilate temporary conquerors into its culture and transform them. It has always resented outside influence and reacted until it is eliminated. Here are two recent examples: The nationalization of oil industries, controlled for over four decades by British interests and ousting them in the late 1940s. Ousting of Americans by the Islamic Revolution of 1979, who had come to the position of influence in 1953 by ousting the democratic government of Prime Minister Dr. Mossaddegh and reestablishing the dictatorial regime of Mohammad Reza Shah.

The point is that in any policy affecting Middle East, the position of Iran must be given central and prime consideration. Presently, Iran is governed by theologians who place importance in following the teachings of the Islamic religion. Islam is rich in this regard since it is not only a set of religious principles but a way of life encompassing from individual self development and purification to social interactions extending to the process of government. Islam in essence is a system of democratic socialism in which there is no religious hierarchy similar to those in Christianity. It is based on the individual's own relation with the Creator, where human beings have important individual value yet are parts from the community and responsible for its well being.

Any kind of government that fits these characteristics of Islam is welcome by the Muslim society where individuals find the government and its policies in harmony with their own religious directions and beliefs. They feel at home and comfortable. This has been the secret of endurance of the Islamic regime in Iran despite its autocratic leadership. The support for the regime comes mainly from the farmers, lower and middle class, which altogether constitute some 85 percent of the electorate. The system is comforting to Iranians to see that their rulers do not live in castles with luxuries and privileges, but live like any other middle class citizens in a modest house and among them. There are no apparent corruption among these theocratic leaders in sharp contrast with those under the previous regime of the Shah.

A regime guided by Islamic fundamentalism is also strongly against foreign influence in internal affairs of the nation. This policy is very strongly supported by overwhelming majority of the population. These elements plus other fundamental principles of general welfare such as free education, national health care, anti-poverty programs, all together make the Islamic Republic quite attractive to ordinary citizens in Iran and understandably in any other Muslim society.

The successful Iranian Revolution and establishment of an Islamic republic has caused an Islamic Renaissance all over the Muslim world from Philippine Islands, Indonesia to the whole Middle East and Africa. It has resulted in a surge of activities in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia, Algeria, Turkey and Central Asian countries. So far Islamic fundamentalists have succeeded in democratic elections in Algeria then outlawed and deprived from taking over the government; they have also succeeded and rule in Turkey despite the imposition of some restrictions imposed by military and conservative forces.

Accordingly, the Islamic world will not be the same and apparently with increased rigor will resent to be influenced or controlled by the Western powers, the United States in particular. As a result of its mistaken policies, the United States is considered the worst enemy of Islam by many Muslim societies, if not by their government. Even the new friendly approach by President Obama, proclaimed by his recent speech in Egypt may not affect this adverse feeling until strongly supported by action on the ground, for example, in Arab-Israeli conflict. In any policy affecting any Muslim nation this intention of solid support of the Muslim interests must be taken into consideration.

It is a grave mistake to think that any Islamic fundamentalist regime that may succeed in establishing itself in any country will be under the influence of, or even be friendly with Iran. Islamic fundamentalism is an ideology based on Islamic principles. It does not belong to, or favor any Islamic society. It is similar to representative democracy applied in many countries of western Europe and the United States. Yet, none is under the influence or control of any other, Each has a specific national interests and its policies are made to accomplish them. Each country is free to oppose others if there is any conflict in policy. The same will apply to the countries with Islamic fundamentalist regimes. On this ground, it is a mistake to think that if Iraq is ruled by the Iraqi Shi'its it will fall under the influence of Iran. Iraqi Shi'its are Arab with different culture and historical background and quite devoted to the independence of their country and its national interests. However, after Iraq is stabilized, it is likely that it will tend to establish friendly relations with Iran, Syria and Turkey. Nothing better than this could happen for the stability of the Middle East. If the autocratic unelected theocratic rulers, such as the Supreme Leader and his entourage, are eliminated, the Iranian Islamic Republic system is the best socialist-democratic model not only for Muslim societies but for all other developing countries as well. Iranians are not happy by being ruled by a non-elected ruler which makes their long fought democratic system look ridiculous. As evidenced in the past, a new movement is on the way to remove this obstacle from the regime. It may take a while, it may be quite bloody, but it will succeed. [ Iran in turmoil: The Beginning of the End, The Economist, January 2, 2010, pp. 8-9.] When the Supreme Leader and his instruments of control are eliminated, the regime will restore its democratic nature and substance. President will be the highest authority sharing power with the parliament and individuals like President Ahmedinejad will not have chance to rule. So, the term Islamic Republic refers to a government without an autocratic ruler on its summit.

It needs to be noted that it is unduly baseless any concern about Iran's modernized and sizable military force. Iran had a devastating experience with the invasion by Iraq and ensuing eight years of war which made Iran conscious of its military weakness. The present modernization and expansion of its military forces, considering its size, long borders with different countries, extended seashores, and large population, seems quite nominal compared to neighboring countries like Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Any thought that Iran may invade its neighbors is groundless. Iran with its rich humanistic cultural heritage has shown no desire to invade another country. Its history of the last two centuries is the best evidence. During this period it has never invaded any country while has almost continually been forced to defend itself against invasions by Russia, Ottoman Empire, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, United States and recently Iraq.

Accordingly, Iran has created a much more effective force than military or nuclear weapon working in its favor with no cost or danger to its people. It is the success story of the concept of Islamic Republic and the birth of the Islamic Renaissance. So far, Iran has not even attempted to export it to other countries. Many groups in different countries, taking Iran as a vivid example of an Islamic republic, are proceeding on their own. The Islamic Renaissance has taken root and will continue to grow all over the Muslim world and beyond because of attractiveness of the Islamic republic system its democratic nature and welfare programs, to developing countries enmeshed in poverty and ruled by autocratic regimes.

A wise foreign policy by any advanced country including the United States has to consider this inevitable transformation rather than oppose or disregard it. It is an enormous force moving unavoidably, toward political domination. Regarding Iran, the American government needs to remember the grave mistake it made, in 1953, by overthrowing Dr. Mossaddegh's democratic and pro-western government and returning Mohammad Reza Shah to throne. It deprived Iranians from continuation of their newly gained democracy and subjected them to 25 years of harsh dictatorship costing tens of thousands of lives. The Shah was finally ousted by a general strike and mass uprisings of the people resulting in the 1979 Revolution with total exclusion of the United States from the Iranian scene and an accumulated hatred toward its government.

Because of its highly appealing components to the people in developing and poor countries, the idea of Islamic renaissance is expanding inevitably among the Muslim societies. It would be impossible for the Western powers or dictatorial regimes to stop or suppress it. It is a political phenomenon deeply attached to socio-cultural values of Islam that others must cope with. Countries like Germany, France, and Russia with long experience in the region have already understood the importance of this movement and have been forerunners in establishing good relations with Iran. To this list one may add also China. Islamic renaissance movement has been developing in countries like Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Sudan, Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Lybia, Azerbaijan and nearly all the Central Asian countries.

More likely, as mentioned above, Iraq, after becoming stabilized, will tend to have friendly relations with Iran. This is essential to the stability in the whole region. Iran, Iraq and Syria can form the pillars of the regional stability. The Western powers and the United States should not spend so much time and efforts in trying to deprive Iran from developing nuclear weapons. Iran is in a position to have such weapons sooner or later and enormous time and efforts devoted to this matter will go waste. Two centuries historical background of Iran clearly shows that Iran has never attacked any country but has been repeatedly attacked by other countries including the United States. It needs to prepare itself for defense The vital importance of the alliance of these three countries becomes further clear when one perceives the likelihood of near future instability in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. The developing trend of Islamic renaissance in these countries clearly points out to unavoidable future political turmoil and transformation.

From a global viewpoint, it is a serious mistake to underestimate the importance and effect of the Islamic Renaissance exemplified by Iran. According to statistics, Islam is the most rapidly growing religions in the world. For every one person being converted to Christianity, seven accept Islam. Being a socialistic, equalitarian and democratic religion, Islam has become highly attractive to depressed, suppressed, deprived and poor which comprise nearly 80 percent of the world population. Islamic revitalization is in progress now with dynamic forces behind it, The present consciousness is induced by historical facts of an advanced religion which created a great civilization with the most scientific and artistic achievements for seven centuries; a civilization that extended from Spain, North Africa eastward to the Middle East, Central Asia, India to Indonesia. This consciousness is also enlighten and fortified by the success of the Islamic Revolution in Iran in establishing a socialistic and democratic Islamic republic. Islam is also an international religion with no central power and authority, based on equality of societies and brotherhood, and officially recognizing the validity of all major religions with a holy book.

In conclusion, the point to be stressed by all these developments is that the Western powers must take into consideration Islam, its influence, its revitalization by the Islamic renaissance, Iran as its main actor in international arena, with its super strategic position, military and economic resources and its ever increasing political influence in Islamic world. This seems to be the only policy direction if the purpose is to create an stable, harmonious, balanced and peaceful situation in the region. Now, is a perfect time for the Western powers to reevaluate their national interests in the light of the realities in the region along with their long range objectives. Dictatorial Islamic systems like Saudi Arabia and Egypt and brutally aggressive country against Muslims like Israel are walking into shaky grounds.

Dr. Reza Rezazadeh

Professor Emeritus at the University of Wisconsin System,and a Fulbright scholar, a multi-disciplinary, multi-cultural, and multi-lingual scholar with background in Mechanical Engineering (B.S.M.E.), Continental and Islamic Law (Licenciate), J.D. in American Jurisprudenxce, LL.M. in International Law and International Economics, Ph.D. in Political Science, Economics and Administration, and Doctor of the Science of Law (S.J.D.) the highest law degree offered in U.S. Fluent in five languages: English, French, Spanish, Persian, Azeri-Turkish. Elementary knowledge of Arabic, Urdu, Russian and Italian. Patented inventions; an artist, a poet (oil and pastel), a musician (violin), with over 35 years of academic background in teaching, reseasrch and administration, research and cultural studies in many countries in Europe including USSR, Middle East, Central Asia, Northe africa, Central and South America. Author of 8 books and many scholarly articles listed in his website http://www.democracywhere.com

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I know that by saying this many eyebrows will be raised: Islam is a modern religion with the aim of emancipation. Yes, I know, looking at the Burka of Afghan women, looking at the hijab of Iranian women, reading that FGC is mostly done in the Islamic countries of Africa, reading how poorly women in Islamic countries are treated does not really prove my point. But give me a chance to explain my point without stopping to read my paper, and I am sure that at the end of this you will understand my statement.

Since it would be too broad to consider all the Islamic countries, I will concentrate on Iran as a sample and compare it to some other Islamic countries when necessary.

Before the islamization of Persia, Persians were mainly Zoroastrians. Women had numerous rights: right to divorce, right to own real property, right of leadership etc. I could go on and on. The other Middle Eastern countries did not have any of those rights. Women were seen as "birth-machines" for male production only. Now, do not ask me how they imagined future reproduction without girls!

Islam came from Saudi Arabia, a country where girls were buried right after their birth and women who dared to give birth to baby girls were mostly kicked out of their homes, had to see their husbands bringing other women into their homes to finally produce a male child. Women had no right to education, nor to real property and were seen as property of their fathers first and then their husbands. The motto was very simple: Be happy that I allow you to live at all.

When Islam was introduced to Saudi Arabia, the Koran (translated meaning: recitation) became a revolutionary rule-book. Not only did it speak about how to believe in God and how to appreciate nature, but additionally it spoke about family law, about wills and inheritance, and about women.

Many might be surprised to hear that Islam is the first world religion, dedicating one chapter (sure) to women (Sure 4, Nessah). It speaks about giving girls the right to live, and that those parents who buried their baby girls should fear the Judgment Day, since those girls would want to know why they had to die because of their gender. It continues about the woman in the marriage, and it also speaks about divorce. Unlike most other religions, Islam does give women the right of requesting a divorce for numerous reasons (one of them being if the husband does not pay any sexual attention to her).

It continues with the rights of women after their divorce, indicating that no man should mistreat his ex-wife; neither should he take their children away, mostly not if they are still being nursed by her. He should give her dowry and make sure that she is provided for. [[4.4] And give women their dowries as a free gift, but if they of themselves be pleased to give up to you a portion of it, then eat it with enjoyment and with wholesome result.]

After saying all of this I can imagine anyone asking me: if this religion is so modern, why are women in Islamic countries treated so poorly?

For being able to answer this question, I will give you a little historical background of Islam: As I mentioned above, before Islam women had basically no rights. And while reading Islamic rules now, we do not have to look at them from our modern, maybe western point of view, but mostly from the eyes of the women from 1,400 years ago. I give you one sample: Islamic rules indicate that in a legal situation, one would need two female witnesses, which would be the equivalent to one male witness. I have to admit, the first time I read this in the Koran, I was furious! What does that mean? Are women worth half of a man? The answer is NO! Put yourself in the same position of an Arab woman in the year 600 B.C.: You had no rights before Islam, and now you can even become a witness. Now, how does that sound? Or another sample: You were not able to stay in your house if your husband decided to leave you, and now he has to make sure that you will do fine after a divorce. See the difference?

Another question people usually ask me is about the hijab. Hijab means cover in Arabic. I did a lot of research on this, since the Islamic revolution, which required that (literally from one day to another) women should wear a scarf over their head and a longer coat or a veil (chador). I could not understand why women should cover themselves up, while men could walk around anyhow they wanted. While no where in the Koran is written that a woman should wear a Burka or cover her head, I found a historical explanation: The head cover was originally for the Prophet Muhammad's wife, or any other female related to the Bani-Hashem Family and the Quaraish tribe (While Surnames did not exist at that time in history, people used their tribal names to indicate where they belonged to.). Originally this cover was meant to make a distinction between the women form the higher groups and the working class women. Similar to the difference between women in the US Northern and Southern States: women of the South, who had their slaves working for them on the farms, were not supposed to have a tanned skin, since it would show that they were working outside.

Here, it was supposed to show a woman's cleanliness to cover her head in order for her not to get dust or dirt into her hair. The body cover also is not written literally in the Koran, but is based on history. Saudi Arabia is geographically one of the hottest countries on the globe. With temperatures of around 120 F (50 Celsius) in the summer, it is logical that people like to wear fewer clothes. And since back then women did not have any rights, imagine who would have come to rescue a woman in case of a sexual crime? Exactly: no one! To protect women the Koran indicated that women should cover the space between their shoulders, meaning their cleavage and should not show their body jewelry. (At that time working women would wear ankle bracelets with bell-charms, which would make a tremendous sound while walking.) Now you will probably ask: Why are women then wearing the hijab or Burka?

First, let us look at Iran. Iran is the only country where women wear their head scarves differently than in the other Islamic countries. In Taliban- Afghanistan women were forced to wear a Burka, in Saudi Arabia they also wear a Burka, which looks different than the Afghan one. In conclusion one could say that the different understanding of the koranic word of "cover your cleavage" is based on the geographical location of the practicing countries. In Pre-Islam Iran women were wearing something similar to the "Greek-dress", a simple dress with a shawl in the back. The shawl became the head cover. In Saudi Arabia, people did not want to compromise and covered the whole woman. Do you see the difference? It is not Islam indicating what women should wear; it is the original tradition of the countries adapting their life styles to their understanding of the Islamic way of life.

The second question I am usually asked is about the famous Islamic statement, why men can have four wives, and that this would degrade women. First of all, the Koran does not say that any man can have four wives. There are numerous conditions on that statement: first, the man must be financially sound, he has to have the permission of his first wife, and most importantly he has to have some supporting reasons. If for example, his wife is ill, or she can not bear any children (see the difference to the pre-Islam time: the Koran does not make a gender differentiation), and most of all treat them all equally. [[4.3] And if you fear that you cannot act equitably towards orphans, then marry such women as seem good to you, two and three and four; but if you fear that you will not do justice (between them), then (marry) only one or what your right hands possess; this is more proper, that you may not deviate from the right course.] In case he does not, any of the women could request a divorce.

I believe the latter one explains everything! I can not even treat two pairs of shoes the same way! How should it be possible to treat two women exactly the same? Hence, one can see that the Koran makes it very difficult for men to take advantage of the rule. But, before closing this chapter I should explain why it is written in the book at all. Again, this has protective reasons for women. At a time in history, where women were not able to work, where society would treat a widowed woman poorly, or where a woman who did not have any male supporters was seen as an easy target, a man who was financially sound, and hence able to support her, was allowed to have another wife. This was also the Islamic way of keeping women away from prostitution.

I could go on and on and bring you more samples. However, concluding I would say that Islam does give women a lot of rights.

Sadly, around 80% of the Islamic population is illiterate, and from that number more than half are women. Some people take advantage of their illiteracy by saying that no matter what gets done with them, they should obey, since this is the Islamic way. The countries traditions do not want women to be able to read and write, in order for them to read the Koran and become able to defend themselves based on the Islamic rules. Unfortunately the newest political developments and the involvement of terrorists in the name of Islam put a bad light on a religion, which was supposed to bring people closer and give women rights. Personally it makes me very sad and upset to see how people, who do not understand anything about Islam, act and try to explain their un-Islamic actions under the guise of the religion.

Islam is probably the most misinterpreted religion, and until people are not willing to find out the true base of Islam, people like me have to continue telling others about the meaning of the Islamic rules in order to reveal the un-Islamic actions of some countries.

http://www.mohadjer.blogspot.com

The idea was Islam spread by the sword, one common misconceptions between Muslims and non-Muslims alike. Many non-Muslims and has written countless amounts of anti-Islamic propaganda writings fallacy colleges holding swords and forced above heads of Christians to Islam. This complete nonsense. Meanwhile we have some Muslim activists who's great enthusiasm for the defence of Islam as a religion and filming peaceful, is reluctant to admit that Muslims really fight wars to expand their territories. What is the reality of the situation? I would like to start our search for the truth about the issue, quoting the Qur'an and the literal word of God and source of Islam: "tell the truth from your Lord, let whomever wills believe let whomever wills. 18: 29

Let's start with the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and look the same. Preach Islam peacefully in Mecca for 13 years without lifting a finger against his enemies at once even if he and his followers cruelly persecuted, tortured and murdered, and mocked at times. The first wars with Mecca had occurred only after migration to the city, was the defensive battles against Abu sufyan and his troops are cumulative. After "hodaibiia" peace treaty between the Muslims Wemickans, was unilaterally by mickans, conquered Mecca, Muslims without bloodshed.Tribal custom dictates that should then slaughtered in their excesses mickans against Muslims victorious, indeed mickans expected this, but Muhammad amnesty provided that stop fighting the Muslims. do beautiful compassion that led to the majority mickans choose to convert to Islam, and that anyone had ever to do so.

What is the conversion to Islam? Convert to Islam is something you should be doing, this is something you believe in your heart, and that there is only one God and that Muhammad is the Apostle and Prophet. Words without faith is meaningless.Of course God knows what is in the heart of every person, so you won't be able to deceive God in rants with Islam, religion only for God and for the individual. Thus, forced conversion impossible. Qur'an attest to this fact in popular stating: "there is no compulsion in religion".

How Islam is spreading quickly across North Africa to the Iberian Peninsula and eastern India and Central Asia to Southeast Asia? Primarily spread through trade. Often while traveling Muslim merchants abroad they'll impress the people they do business with honesty and integrity, so much so that these people can ask questions, learn about Islam, and eventually to convert.

However, there is already a war, and, most of the times of the first four Caliphs.According to the Prophet Muhammad with armies of how to handle non-Islamic Governments, his armies call them to Islam, and if accepted and then leave them alone. If they reject Islam, invite them to submit to the Islamic Government and tax paid tribute tax election of Islamic Government for the protection and maintenance of land and buildings. refusing to each of these options, they fight. But the fighting was the many rules, not just a bloodbath, permitting such as we've seen at other times, for example from Mongolians and Christian Crusaders, but led armies themselves only.Forbidden to fight against civilians, and that it is prohibited to destroy agriculture and livelihood. There was no rape and looting Muslim armies; and they fought only armies sent by the Government until surrendered and left innocent civilians.

There are many ahaadeeth of the Prophet (El) where the distinction between combatants and non-combatants. And talking of Abi Dawood said, "do not kill anyone, old or any child or any woman", "do not kill people sitting in places of worship". The first Caliph Abu Bakr, gave detailed instructions to his army to build on the knowledge of the Qur'an:

"Stop people or may give you ten rules for your guidance in the field of battle. treason or deviation from the track. You must not distort the bodies. Do not kill children, woman and man. Bring damage to trees, nor burn with fire, especially those oriented.Slaughter and no enemy of Flock, keeping your food; you are likely to pass by the people who devoted their lives to the monastic services; leave them alone. "

Once a Government has fallen into the hands of Muslim citizens pay tax elections and the freedom to practice any religion chose. Christianity and Judaism flourished under the rule of Islamic Muslim protected on churches, synagogues and other holy places, even if the power to eliminate if they so choose. Perhaps more amazing is the law for all if a Christian or a Jew who has committed a crime, was found guilty, they tried their courts and punishment laws, not by the courts and laws for Muslims. Can you imagine in America today Muslims being tried in an Islamic Court rather than the US system?This was truly progressive control.

Many citizens welcomed Muslims with their rulers and perceived as liberators who had rescued them from the oppressive kingshibs their basic human rights, granting them and much more.Many people choose to embrace Islam conquered territories once came in contact with Muslims, Islam spread rapidly through the acquired lands.But people never forced conversion to Islam.

Evidence that individuals do not and will not be forced to embrace Islam in facts. There are more than 14 million $ "" in Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, and other territories governed by Muslims and there are large populations of Christians and Muslims and Jews. Spain ruled for more than 800 years, yet the population Christians and Jews flourished over time.There are over 450 million Muslims in Indonesia today but there is no war by the Muslim religion there, only traders.Perhaps the most fascinating, and the fastest growing religion in the United States and Europe is Islam. do you need Americans and Europeans to convert? of course not, that something else these people know the truth and justice in Islam does not find in any religion or lifestyle, these people choose Islam ... for themselves, as did mickans before 1400 years. This is the truth about how spread Islam throughout the world.

Peace to you and yours.

Laura COS ' converted to Islam in 1996 and is the author of children's books, links, and currently residing in Virginia Beach, Virginia with her husband and twin Mohammed Hamza. for more information, please visit http://www.advocateislam.com

So I was reading an article by Daniel "tubes". Exciting said about the ideology of the Islamic movement, "in particular, it seeks to establish an Islamic State in Turkey, and replaced by an Islamic State, Israel and the United States Constitution with the Quran."

While not speak about the Arab Middle East policy, or Turkey, is the last part of this sentence, I find an interesting conclusion that makes pipes ... anyone would prefer "Islamic law" (in the material case, the Islamists) are the people who were defending the replacement of the democratically developed "constitutional law" with "Koranic laws."

Override the Islamists crazy for a second time (mainly, but not limited to the Wahhabi and Salafi), let's assume that the tube is talking about any and all Muslims here. again, he concluded that any person who believes in a system of laws based on the principles of Islamic perfect looking actively replace constitutional laws with Islamic law? Do you believe that there is no similar or compatible on the rule of law, democracy and the rule of law in the West?

To say a true Muslim country, whether democratic or Republican or thiomokrasi *, would not require a Constitution, but one needs to keep in accordance with the "year of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)". I'm not sure if Daniel Pipes does not know or forgot when writing this article, but history accepts that prophet Mohammad (PBUH) was a social contract (and not what the Constitution is?) for citizens of the city after city in 622CE called.

Read ahead yourself now and tell me if you think, based on historical evidence that a nation of laws based on Sharia is incompatible with the Constitution.

New York skin towards the end of the fifth century, Jewish tribes in yathrib * lost control of the city into two Arab tribes from Yemen Australia Banu Khazraj Banu.Oppose Arab and Jewish unique about 120 years. After the war, the Jewish population and they become clients of the Arab tribes. Jewish tribes soon began revolutionizing crowned "battle boath" 620 m shares this war all clans and tribes in yathrib. After the war, both sides agreed that they needed one authority to arbitrate conflicts if they always keep peace. In 620CE delegation from the city's most important clans of 12 to Mecca at the invitation of Muhammad as a neutral party needed to serve as an arbiter of the city. Before Muhammad, Muslim population emigrated in 622 Mecca, the Prophet Mohammed, in what became known as Hijri.

Arrival in Medina, I work orders to create social contract was the resolution of grievances tribal long-standing city to unite people adhere to ethical standards. This contract has become known as the "Constitution". Delegated rights and duties of all citizens and the nature of relationships between different tribes.Society knew from a religious perspective, but also maintain legal forms of the old Arab tribes.Actually, the first Islamic State.

Sohail Hashmi describes significant when h wrote in his essay "the liberal Islamic Ethics cultivation" build "civil society", "basis of the first Islamic civil society was literally a social contract." Constitution "so-called mutual rights and obligations of all members of the Islamic society.Tribal, defacement and replaced these tribalism with nation community of believers.What made previously completed city tribes and their guests newly arrived from Mecca to accepted community of common ethical standards still unfolding ' Quranic revelation, Mohamed. discussing the exact role that community was Muhammad. the obvious that the Prophet did not seek to eliminate tribal authority. cycle seems to be the final judgment in any social conflicts may arise in that society."

Judging by the scholarship Suhail h Hashemi, Arab tribal leaders "of the city have their say in their affairs, as did the Muslims, as do the Jews, and only when agreement is reached, Muhammad (PBUH) looked to as arbitrator agreed.

Since Muhammad (PBUH) is the final authority on interpretation of the Quran and Islamic traditions, all necessary to accept that I State headed by the first Islamic State, and then, in its purest form. As shown in the agreed "Constitution", not a dictatorship, ruled by a single person, or even Republicans.People Medina enforcement and live alone mutually agree on ethics, the unified aurdinmint necessarily be arbitrated conflicts when they were unable to resolve the issues themselves.

So, now that we have an idea of what "the Constitution of Medina", we can say that the rule of law in a State based on the principles of Islam must be determined by the Quran and not the Constitution?

The answer is no.

The "State" in the city in accordance with the principles of Islam Koran and won't interfere with it.It cannot be said that there was anything against Islam because Muhammad is one who put the social contract. the argument that "the Constitution of the city against the teachings of Islam against the Prophet himself.Even if we extrapolate this believe that anything in the Constitution of the city "should be included in any" State ".Thus, any "State" should be based on the Constitution will be competing for an Islamic State was established in accordance with Islamic tradition and not having a Constitution.It would be inaccurate to say that abolishing Islamic State Constitution as shown, for the Quran. only those who do not understand "history", he would assume that a country based on Islamic principles will require repeal of constitutional law.Whether it will have a completely different point amindmintes make do.

And then, like I said, "Daniel Pipes" wrong in assuming that Muslims who wouldn't mind Government, founded on the principles of Islam want to replace the State Constitution with the Koran.Unless "Islamists" mean Muslims political Islamic school for views that involve warring against democracies of Western (and Eastern), fighting against anything they cancel or incompatible with Islam as defined by gone (Caliphs 4 I), in this case, they're crazy, maybe not understanding history themselves.

What we can take away from this? well, if we divide the above arguments of modern political geography, we come to understand that Islam and the Islamic State, is not incompatible with the basic ideology of democracy, democratic society. Indeed, if we understand the tribes to the representative of all people in "the Constitution of Medina Medina", can easily see that their say in their affairs, similar to a democracy, and that the role of Muhammad (PBUH) similar to the modern era, where the Supreme Court judge was arbitrated cases that could not be determined by the people or accepted in society at large, under social laws and rules established by the society.

What is the lesson here? and lesson that Islamic countries should move this national political ideologies towards social democracies based on "Islamic laws should call Muslims which seeks to establish Islamic States based on rulings of the Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) walkhlfaa raitligoidid even create States not only not repressive towards non-Muslims, or against Muslim communities, but accept them and their ideas and social norms, since they do not conflict with national interests.

* Thiomokrasi is just a word used to describe laws that democracies are based on the principles of the religion. examples thiomokrasis will Israel and Pakistan.

* Name changed to yathrib. derived from the Aramaic word for city midinta; it uses the Jewish population of the city, instead of calling the yathrib.

Paula Raj is the author of the blog blog examines islamoblog. Islam historical philosophical, political and popular. If you want to read more by Raj, you have any questions about content or wish to contribute to the blog, you can contact him at islamoblogger@gmail.com

Poverty is treated as WMD (weapon of mass destruction) of modern world. Eradication of it bears very importance. The economic systems like capitalism and communism have presented number of instruments for the alleviation of the poverty from the world. But, these extreme ideologies failed to satisfy the need of the people. Private ownership of property, laissez-faire policy of capitalism and class war, dialectical materialism, state ownership of property of communism didn't touch the real cause of poverty. This situation necessitates seeking the possibilities of Islamic economics in alleviating poverty. The aim of poverty alleviation can be attained, in an Islamic Economic system through reducing the inequality. It never means attaining equality but equity and justice in the income and wealth distribution. Islam eliminates the absolute inequality which arises from unequal distribution of income, but relative inequality emerges from equitable distribution of income and wealth.

First part of this article has given a small introduction to both conventional economics and Islamic economics. Then it provides a picture of poverty of current world and Islamic perspective of poverty. Then Islamic economics instruments to alleviate poverty such as zakat, sadaqa, qard hasan, ganima, khums, fay, jizya, mudaraba, musharaka, prohibition of interest, abolition of extravaganza, prohibition of speculation and hoarding have been mentioned in briefly. Influence of Islamic economic instruments on marginal propensity to consume, multiplier, price investment and production have been dealt with.

The books and articles I referred for this article are Dr. Dr.Sabahuddin Azmi's Islamic Economics, S. M. Hasanuzzaman's Economic function of an Islamic state (The early experience), Towards understanding the economic system of Islam written by Dr.P Ibrahim and Introduction to the economic system by Moulavi.M.V.Saleem.

Introduction

Nobody can undermine the importance of economics which is a social science that studies the production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods and services. This very importance of economics resulted in emergence of different economic systems in the world and all of those economic systems claim that they will fetch economic welfare. Those dominating and prominent economic system's failure to accomplish economic justice, prosperity, the eradiation of the inequality and poverty make necessary an alternative economic system which can successfully make a starvation free and poverty free world.

Definition of Economics

Social scientists have developed various definitions of economics. Lionel Robinson's scarcity definition of economics is most accepted amongst them. According to Robinson "economics is a science which studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses" This definition is based on two points which are scarcity of resources and the never ending needs. But in reality former is a myth. The survey conducted by UNO shows that are enough resources for 20000 million people on earth we have only 6000 million people on earth residing now. Latter point 'never ending needs' is also incorrect as the desire and greed of the man is unlimited but the need is countable and controllable.

Definition of Islamic Economics

As a system of life Islam has not left any area of human life without guidance. Whether it is spiritual, individual, social, economical or political Islam gives clear cut guidelines. By considering the economic guidelines of Islamic sources, Islamic economists have developed plethora of definitions. Derivation of each definition of Islamic economics is based on guidance given in the basic sources of Islamic shariah which are Quran and hadith.

According to Yusuf Ibrahim, professor of Islamic economics, Qatar University "Islamic economics is a science studying the guidance of the human behavior towards the use of resources to satisfy the needs". This definition is based upon the following facts.

1. The resources are enough for satisfying the needs.

2. But the resources should be protected from the waste, and improper use.

3. The human behavior towards the resources should be controlled by divine injunctions.

4. Only legal needs, needs that build life on the earth, should be satisfied.

5. Illegal needs (desires), which destroy life on earth, should not be satisfied; they are never ending and never satisfied.

Islamic economic system, a normative economic system, has been built upon certain fundamental Islamic philosophies. According to Quranic teachings real and absolute ownership of the wealth belongs to the creator of the same, Almighty God. Quran says "To Allah belongs to everything in the sky and on the earth" (2:284).Role of the man is considered as trustee who is to manage the trust, i.e. wealth according to the directives of the real owner; God. Quran clearly states "And spend of that where of hath made you trustees" (57:7). So man has been granted

conditioned and limited ownership.

Another Islamic philosophy is universal brotherhood and equality of men as their creator is one and parents are same. Hence distinction based on color, caste, creed, races do not suffer at any cost. This concept induces the people for cooperation and participation in their all efforts instead of cheating, exploiting and making fraud each other. Another aspect of Islamic philosophy is the faith in the Day of Judgment after death. In the life after death man is accountable for his deeds on earth. The implication of this faith is that economic choices one makes in world are to be judged according to the norms Allah has laid down.

These are the revolutionary points which differentiate Islamic economics from the liberal, capitalistic, imperialistic, mainstream, usurious economic system and communist, class war, state dictatorship economic system. Islam constructs a just world on the spirit of everlasting divine concepts.
Poverty

Evil of any economy is poverty. The presence of begging hands in an economy pulls that economy into decades back. Poverty midst plenty is the challenge faced in the modern world. Impact of the poverty cannot confine into starvation only, but poor people, apart from starvation, suffering limited income which leads to inaccessibility of good education it disables them for challenging careers which requires number of years long education. Absence of nutritious food results in more child morality among deprived sections. Since limited access for information and knowledge those are prevented from market and opportunities.

Every country and international organizations like World Trade Organization, World Bank and Asian Development Bank hard work to construct the countries and world on the foots of self sufficiency respectively. Mission of the World Bank is described as global poverty reduction and improvement of living standards. General Council of UN has declared October 17 as International day for the eradication of poverty. It shows how seriously they took poverty as a problem

But, it is wondering that out of 6.1 billion world population more than 1 billion are finding their livelihood in less than $1 per day and almost 3 billion on less than $2 per day. You might be provoked that 74% of total income of world is shared by the 20% of the elite class of the world. It is heartening you that there are countries whose national income is less $800 and morality of below five years age children is about 26%.It is worrying that 110 million primary school age children are out of school and 60 percent of them are girls.
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Poverty and Islamic Economics

Below Poverty Line (BPL) fixes in Islamic economics system on the basis of ownership of nisab, which limit makes one eligible for the payment of zakat Whosoever wealth on or over the nisab is responsible for the payment of zakat. Those wealth is below nisab are zakat recipients and they are treated as poor. Hence, in Islamic economics, the size of deprived come under BPL will be large. Starvation and inaccessibility of food, shelter, cloths and education could not suffer in an Islamic economy which aims human falah, i.e. human welfare. It does not support any economic instrument that leads to the deprivation of the man. Since poverty emerges in an economy as a result of various causes so wiping out of these causes is primarily important.

Limited income, unequal distribution of income and wealth, misdistribution of resources, regional disparities, unemployment, social injustice, and decreased investments ...etc are some of the obstacles in the way of attainment of self-sufficiency and welfare. Islam considers the fulfillment of basic needs of every member of society is economic, moral as well as religious obligation of the ruler. List of the basic goods extends from traditional food, clothing and shelter to seasonal clothing, personal attendant to disabled person, and expenditure on marriage of poor and expenditure on entire family of poor, which are intensified by scholars from time to time and likely to extend the list time to time for the welfare of the citizen. Islamic economic system introduces a bunch of divinely guided instruments which bring to an end of poverty and build
poverty less world.

Islamic Economic Instruments to eliminate poverty

It is advised to Muslim citizens in an Islamic county, as the part of believe, to practice certain things in their life, some of them are compulsory nature and the rest are voluntary nature. The practice of these will have vast economic implications apart from the reward of God. Non Muslim citizens also have to make certain compulsory payments, which have economic impacts, as the part of their citizenship in the Islamic country. Compulsory duties and agreements of citizens are governed by the Islamic country and violation of any part would not suffer Islamic state. In addition to these functions there are other things the Islamic state has to carry out similar to any nation does for the welfare of citizens. Both positive and negative measures have recommended by Islam for wiping out the reason of poverty.

Positive Measures

There are numerous Islamic orders and injunction to perform certain things which have immense influence on economies justice, prosperity and growth. Important divine injunctions amongst them and their influence upon the economy are briefed below.

Zakat

Zakat is the yearly obligation of wealthy Muslims to poor and it is the share of have-nots in the property and wealth of the rich. Quran commends "establish worship and pay the poor his due (zakat) and obey the messenger". Technically we can call it as spiritual tax. It is imposed on those forms of wealth which have the capacity to grow in value or otherwise produce further, is having the custody of whole year and have exceed a certain minimum value called 'nisab'. Quran has stated the eight specific heads for the distribution of zakat.
Due to the divine spirit for the performance of zakat, chances for evasion are less. The imposition of zakat on idle wealth urges the owners for the productive and profitable employment of idle wealth which increases the wealth of economy and again the share of zakat.

Donations

Sadaqa is the one of the voluntary economic instrument. No limit and eligibility criteria for performing contributions to needy. It can be divert, apart from the eight heads mentioned for the distribution of zakat, to any needy. and it will strengthen what economic implications emerged by zakat.

Qard hasan

It is an arrangement of interest free loans for unproductive purposes or for the needy to meet the expenses like hospital expenses, home expenses and education expenses etc which are do not make any earnings. So it is not able to charge any material benefit, like profit share, from qurd hasan. These are provided as the part of kindness to human beings. In an Islamic economy individuals and institutions like Islamic banks will offer this type of loans expecting the reward of Allah. Availability of qard hasan reduces the financial burdens like interest, of deprived.

Profit and loss sharing

Islam formulates profit and loss sharing as the tool of trade contracts instesd of interest. The motivation behind it is the cooperation amongst the people. In profit sharing there are different types of financing such as mudaraba (profit and loss sharing) and musharaka (participation) ...etc
Mudaraba is the agreement between both capital owner and entrepreneur to share the profit arises from the business and in case of loss capital owner's capital reduces and entrepreneur's time and effort loose. Musharaka is the agreement to share profit and loss where all contributors participate in management of business. Both mudaraba and musharaka help the people, who have inadequacy of capital, to engage in business, production and contribute their share into the welfare nation and earn for their own.

Ganima (war booty), Khums (one fifth) and Fay

Ganima is the property Muslims seize from the enemy. Four fifth of the ganima is divided among the fighting army and one fifth (khums) of the entire ganima move to state fund, which is earmarked for the special beneficiaries mentioned in Quran. Fay is the property receives from the enemy without actual fighting. This source of state revenue is generalized for the common good of the entire population and public welfare.

Kharaj (Land- Tax)

Land-Tax, a source of revenue of state, is the levy imposed on land produce. This is actually the rent for the use of value of agricultural land. The rate of kharaj and method of collection can be declared by state from time to time as there is no direction of Quran and tradition of prophet in this regard.

Jizya (Poll tax)

Jizya (poll-tax) imposed on the non-Muslim citizens of Islamic country for securing their wealth, property and lives from damage. It helps them to contribute their skill, talent, health, wealth and property for the prosperity of the country

Waqf (Endowment)

Waqf (endowment) is regular source of revenue which is earmarked and dedicated fund of Muslim for supporting charitable and welfare activities
State ownership on uncultivated land:
Any economic instrument that hinders productivity is harmful to economies prosperous. According to Islamic shariah, if a land is remained uncultivated three consecutive years lead to moving of ownership of that land from current owner to other who is ready for cultivate the land and produce. Prophet (pbuh) said "The original rights of ownership in land are God's and the prophets and then yours afterwards. But he who revives any dead land acquires the right of ownership to it". There is an another institution, iqta, boost the circulation and tax revenue of the state by transferring the uncultivated/dead land to someone in return for ushr or khraj.

Combined ownership of natural resources:

Individual ownership of natural resources like fire, water, pasture and salt are restricted by the Islamic shariah. People have combined ownership in these natural resources which should be accessible to anyone. This rule allow anyone to use the benefit derives from the natural goods and ensure that nobody is away from the natural goods which are easy to get to without any hard work.. List of natural goods, in addition to mentioned goods, can be extended into more goods in time to time. Prophet (pbuh) said "people are joint owners in water, pasture and fire".
There are other sources of revenues like property of deceased with no legal heir, lost and found with no claimants and additional taxations.

Negative Measures

There are some prohibitions of God which has influence on the economies prosperity and welfare of every men of country.
Prohibition of interest
Interest, whatever form, has been contemned by Allah and His messenger. Quran says "Allah has permitted trade and hath prohibited riba" (interest). Islam doesn't support interest but profit and loss sharing. Every financial transactions of Islamic economy should be free of Interest. But absence of interest in an Islamic economy doesn't create any hindrance to prosperity but flourish the prosperity.

Prohibition of speculative instruments

Instruments which don't have any advantage to real economy such as futures and option are not permitted in Islamic economy. Stock market instruments like day trading, marginal trading are prohibited, either. Absence of these instruments in the economy reduces speculation which is harm to the entire economy.
Implications

The implementation of shariah guidelines we discussed above in an economy lead to number of positive fruits which make the state free from every form of poverty.
Increased redistribution of income and wealth will result in, when the people perform the religious obligations like zakat, donation, waqf, inheritances, fithr zakat and kaffarath etc... It leads to flow of wealth and money from rich to poor. Thus the concentration and accumulation of wealth in a few hands come down. Poor and needy spend approximately eighty percent of their earnings to fulfill their basic needs. Economically Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) of the poor is larger than middle and high class. A large portion of whatever comes into handy of poor will flow to economy for consumption of basic goods; it lead to more demand for primary goods and then it result in the increased production of basic goods. It is difficult to restrict luxurious consumption and production completely by law and force. But the increased rate of redistribution of wealth and income increase the demand for basic goods and decrease the demand for luxurious goods. Automatically it reduces the utilization of resources for the production of luxuries. Consequently, natural resources use for the production of basic goods and for the benefit of public welfare
This increased redistribution of wealth to poor enables them to get the accessibility of good education and nutritious food. Increased knowledge and skills help the poor to get good jobs and earn. This raises the entire poor family and dependence to heights. In turn, increase of income more than a certain limit make them capable for performing zakat and other voluntary donations for the sake of the benefit of have-nots. Rise in the redistribution help to reduce the gap between haves and have-nots and bring economic justice to all citizens.

Increased MPC of poor as the redistribution of income results in more multiplier effect in economy that fuels more income to the overall income of economy that help the poor section of people to raise their per capita income and living standards.

According to Professor Keynes, investment depends on two variables which are current rare of interest and the marginal efficiency of capital or expected profit rate. Investment would take place only if the expected rate of profit exceeds of interest. Due to the absence of interest, in an Islamic economy, only the size of expected rate of profit of profit will be the determinant of investment.

Speculative motive of money and liquidity theory of money will have no place in an interest free economy which reduces investment. But the presence of only expected rate of profit will result in investments, even in low rate of expected rate of profit to increase their principle amount and to avoid the deterioration of principal through zakat. The increased investment raises the production, employment, wages and overall national income of economy. It flows wealth to poor and raises their economic status.

Fisher's quantity theory which states that quantity of money affects the price and value of money. It means that increase in the supply of money will proportionately increase the price in economy but the output will not increase. But in the case of Islamic economy money should not be supplied without making increase in the output. The central bank and commercial banks of Islamic state increase the money supply through making investment contracts on the basis of profit and loss sharing. So every flow of money into economy results in output growth without making proportionate hike in price. It is helpful to the poor to get need things at reasonable price

Conclusion

Way of eliminating poverty in Islamic economy is simple. Faith in the oneness of God (tawheed) motivates to the performance of zakat and profit and loss sharing and avoiding interest and extravaganza. Increased redistribution and productivity are the outcome of these instruments which helps finally to attain alleviation of poverty.
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Pope Benedict XVI delete quoteEmperor Manuel II Baliologos notes about Prophet Muhammad bring only what is "evil and inhuman" world, quote is marginal for his argument itself acknowledges, will not be clearly emphasised the central focus of contention-modern rationalism needs listening contribution faith to enable them to get out of the narrow confines of absolute and fundamentalism. It is precisely the problem with Islam as a religion, ' lifestyle '.

To understand this point, it must focus on non-Muslims on the difference between Islam and the Islamic movement. Islamism is a set of political ideologies that Islam is a religion, but also a political system that governs the requirements of legal, economic and social State according to its interpretation ".For the Islamic Sharia, the absolute priority of democracy, universal human rights. "use" and "Islamism," often in several publications in some Muslim countries to describe local organizations, which sought to apply ".

There is intense debate in the Muslim world, about the differences between Islam and Islamism. controversy lies in the different answers to questions about how Muslims should live, and the type of Governments to support and the appropriate role of Islamic symbols and ideas and beliefs in the modern world. Those who claim the Islamists are saying that Islam is inherently political, and that the rules and regulations set forth in the Qu'ran, chats Islamic Governments.

In essence the naked soul feedstock Pope Benedict XVI in syllogism: Islam is a faith without modern secular reason why devoid of faith; dynamic faith Christian wedding to every faith and reason. without reason without faith can be very destructive.Therefore, Islam and modern art to learn from Christian mutual enrichment between faith and reason, which, admittedly, generally sounds a little biased.

The being of Muslim leaders and world audiences on Pope's statements proves once again that Muslims really had a problem with rationality. It is not a riot in the streets, and calls for Jihad and the destruction of the Holy See, in fact, all symbols of Christianity and Judaism that Muslims could hope to rebuild its image tarnished, as well as the appropriate civil institutions that could have the capacity and authority to respond effectively to the challenges faced today.

And reflect exaggerated reactions such as those made by the Pope or those involving publication in the Danish newspaper jyllands-Posten cartoons depicting some time wesaterising Prophet Muhammad general lack of "State" and civic organizations that lack of power and efficiency in dealing with perceived challenges. They also reflect the profound ignorance of the masses and Islamic for anything and everything that characterizes as a non-Muslim.

Failure, as the Pope correctly, and in fact that Islam-as a religion as a way of life – failed to achieve many goals. Raising living standards and ridding communities of corruption (corruption in all its manifestations, incidentally, is expressly prohibited the Prophet), freeing people from chronic poverty, Centennial, and not allowing freedom of thought and expression even basic forms and even protect Islam Muslim scholars have dubbed the "widespread alienation".

It's not an inherent through Western phobia-ball feelings and absolute Israel that Islam would ever own limitations. But, above all, through the adoption and acceptance of Jihad or holy war as a means of spreading the belief that Islam shows its own irrationality. This is precisely what the Pope refers to when he cited the emperor Manuel II Baliologos for remarks made in the context of the broader issue of Christianity and Islam, and the truth of all religions.

The Pope was born faith spirit body. Whatever will cause someone to faith need the ability to speak well, correctly, without violence and threats.Convince reasonable spirit, no one needs a strong arm, or weapons of any kind or any other means of threatening anyone sentenced to death.

In contrast to this message with the teachings of Prophet Mohammad to spread Islamic belief to rigikters truth (unbelievers) after it became clear to them the truth:

"Kill them wherever you find them and pay them off [where] you can break out and [recall] persecution worse carnage but start a fight with her near the Holy Kaaba" unless they attack you there but if they attack you can put to the sword] without any hesitation]. this bonus may thus also.However, if the stop [this disbelief], God is forgiving and merciful.Keep fighting against them, so persecuted and [in] Allah reigns supreme. but if repairing roads, then] you should know that] does not allow an attack against sin.The sacred month of the sacred month; [also] other Holy things also subject to reprisals.So if anyone who transgresses against you, you should also pay coins equal. fear of God and [keep in mind that] God with those still in border [under religion]."(Qu'ran? 2:190--194)

Quite a mouthful!

Luigi Frascati

Luigi Frascati is a real estate agent based in Vancouver, British Columbia. "holds a Bachelor's degree in economics and retain weblog titled" real estate "magazine in http://wwwrealestatechronicle.blogspot.com where you can find a collection of his articles on economic, financial and real estate. Luigi associated with the group, the largest real estate Sutton in Canada, and the" real estate "Sutton, Burnaby, BC.

Luigi is very proud to be a writer EzineArticles expert platinum rating in the Appendix. This article is very grateful. thank you.

Symposium key financial players than recent (March 2nd, and 3rd, 2010) in the posh "King Hussein Bin Talal Convention Center" on the shores of the dead sea, circa 25 miles.

The event received media attention from Western junk news outlets; however, closely Eng cargo in banking core global decisions announced closing statement.

They were right to do so.

The first collection and Islamic finance and investment forum in the Middle East, took place in Jordan economically healthy and stable political ally of the West in the area of the region vulnerable-with the highest quality of life in North Africa and the Middle East, according to the "quality of life index prepared" 2010 ", Journal of international life".

Another essential factor is listening lies in the fact that the participants were among the cr cr me me della Islamic finance market, and a group of more than 350 from bankers and experts from 15 countries leading the transformation of the economic sector shifts likely to see strong growth in the foreseeable future.

An overview of Islamic banks from their understanding of the dynamics of the industry.

Islamic banking — largely Islamic finance-deeply rooted in Islamic Economics and hold legislative corpus ruled encapsulates the religious teachings of Islam.

Sharia-or wires to known financial mwamalat (Islamic transactions rules)-allows for financial intermediaries to exercise any form of economic activity as long as no charge interest (usury) and distance itself from companies involved in undertakings (Haram) are prohibited.

Strongly reinforces the Shariah exchange risk between the investors and economic transactions secured physical assets such as land or machinery but derivatives outside the law.

Derivative product is a tool of financial instruments (known as core), events or other circumstances were mostly used to cover ... or speculative profit. recent upheavals in global capital markets socioeconomic walherg after owe much of their type of credit default swap called derivatives (CDS).

Foreigner views to the Muslim world may find harmful law restrictions for sustained economic development because the so-called Islamic jurisprudence as Deputy (gambling, adult movies list, alcohol, etc.) play a vital role in as many countries but also social and temporal concept can say.

However, many observers now that restrictions in Islamic finance has successfully protected Sharia-compliant institutions from recent economic collapse while keeping cash safes are spread.

There are several factors support the prosperity of Islamic financing, including deposits from oil-rich countries resident inhabited, and many infrastructure projects and the emergence of a large middle class.

Estimated on the basis of the UK international financial services London "," Singapore and grew by 35% to $ 159 billion between 2007 and 2008, although the industry "pause for breath" in 2009 amid ongoing economic apathy.

According to Mohammed Abu hamour King, Islamic banking sector experienced an annual growth rate of 10-15 per cent and there are currently over 300 Islamic banks in over 50 countries, with large concentrations in Iran, Saudi Arabia and Malaysia.

Most of these banks and financial intermediaries are owned by the shareholders ' but the specialized branches of Western banks full "regular service" inhabited by increasing areas of Islamic banking area.

HSBC, Islamic finance arm of HSBC, example of this trend.

Islamic banking is very profitable and increase foreign interest clearly supports the idea that the industry is bound to expand just emerging Nations within the Islamic world willing and able to use the cash reserves has giant structural development of key sectors of their economies.

However, many outstanding issues that continue to cripple the Islamic finance industry and prevent exceeded quota 1% currently in global banking.

The first relates to the need for Islamic banks to hedge risk strategies-particularly those participating in the common currency transaction instruments compatible with organizational principles. professionals should be creative because derivatives hedging tool, forbidden by Islamic law. progress in this area are still shy.

Islamic scholars and secondly, the need to develop and cultivate a homogeneous group of legislation to financial agents to avoid depriving asymmetric market too large this task because Islam several schools of thought and differing interpretations of some religious concepts can often prove insurmountable obstacles.

Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam with 85 percent of the world's 1.5 billion Muslims despite the diversity of the school's own ideas often creates a diversity of views.

If a bank located in Saudi Sunni "find themselves at a disadvantage against Iranian Bank regulatory ruled teachings or financial institution in Oman Kharigiti, then obviously fundamental market imbalances will appear.

Thirdly, the sector needs to harmonize practices in growth. unification is needed not only in the organizational control but also in the IASB and risks, both internally (within the Islamic world) and externally (West towards or other regional financial areas). a practical example would be seeking compliance b I.F.R.S. (IFRS) and the Basel banking agreements.

Finally, you will need the Islamic banks to sophisticated and targeted communication campaign designed to educate us and European skeptics regulators (primarily), as well as potential customers in the Western hemisphere. this effort will be central in transforming public perception of quality and positioning of products and services, and to erase the stigma that may have placed the geopolitical events previously (and current) to "brand".

Read embedded media and other original content in http://wp.me/pmqmw-7e.

I'm a professional with experience managing finance risk solid and diversified financial services have participated in the capital markets for several years now, and during my work but also as a trader and just as someone really fascinated by the intricacies of financial instruments and fluent in two languages I speak and write French.

I like to think about events that seem remote, synergetic and my thinking aimed the hardships suffered also build giokonomix indispensable cohesion and social peace to meet our collective destiny. import of my views are topics of strategic affairs between North and South, nature and the capacity of social wealth on bail in advance sustainable economic, structural originality of poverty in third world countries (so-called), and finally, the changing dynamics displayed by awakening the (so-called) emerging economies.

I'm a graduate degree in business administration from Rutgers University Graduate School of business in New Brunswick, New Jersey, CPA (Accountant) .waits held five other professional certificate in management and financial control, audit and investment analysis.

In addition, completed undergraduate studies in Monroe College in New York City, culminating in two Bachelor of accounting and business management.

Finally, enjoy Yoga reading and competitive respectively (long distance), build muscle, and martial arts traditional Chinese and beach ... I love listening to salsa, Zouk and R&B music spiritual melodic types. believe it or not, is my favorite movie of all times "Blues Brothers".

(Read more about me at http://marquisc.wordpress.com.)

Islam, a religion of peace and humanity, unfortunately now seen because root undemocratic practices prevailing in Islamic countries. The main reason behind this misconception of misunderstanding is quite wrong and analysis of political values. During the discussion of Islam and democracy people often take the extreme positions; some Islamic political system as opposed to democracy, while others emphasize that Islam and democracy are two different terms mean the same thing as John Esposito, John Bean argued in their book "Islam and democracy are incompatible with each other. But the real picture differs from all views. So before you take sides either one must have a full understanding of some important concepts for developing democracy in Islam.

The concept of sovereignty in Islam

Based on Islamic political system absolute faith in God's sovereignty, the real law. No one, even a Prophet for others.The Prophet himself is God's commands.As the Prophet (PBUH) "I don't follow anything except what has been revealed to me." for men "visigirinsi uses Islam" (khilavat) instead of "sovereignty". anyone choosing a successor to use force confidence from God and accountable for every action it takes under these powers.

The decision making process in Islamic polity

"Shura in Islam" is the only decision making and implementer.The role of the Shura Council significantly compared to the role of Parliament in modern democracy but the main two respected is empowered by law in Islam is true. "Allah" real law confers authority to legislate jackets. man has no authority to amend the limits provided for, and cannot be used to separate legislation. A decision all within the framework set in accordance with the rules of God not Russians. These restrictions only to prevent exploitation of man on behalf of the majority of the votes, and develop a balanced system of social justice that serve political forces to eliminate elements of insecurity and uncertainty among people.

Equity in Islam

Islam presents social structure, equality and in accordance with all human beings are equal before God; and the top one another at the expense of a social status, family background, class and profession. the only criterion of excellence susceptibility and noble character. The Holy Prophet emphasized this fact in many occasions. Give some of those assertions here:

"There is no higher than other than point of faith and piety. all men are descendants of Adam and Adam mud."

On another occasion of people address after the conquest of Mecca, the Holy Prophet said:

"Hey, people of quraish! God has its roots fantasy days ignorance and pride descent. man Hey you all from Adam, Adam mud.There is pride in whatever ratios; and there is no advantage in Arab against non-Arab and non-Arabs against the English. Verly most among you in the eyes of God is the most pious."

Not only in social matters also Islam gives equal rights to all believers even where a judgement on an Islamic State. And the whole Muslim community gave equal participation in the "State" with no dominant class.

Also according to the Holy Prophet, "each one of you a ruler and everyone is responsible for his subjects.

If you only look at history, you will come to know that people from low social status of slaves until set in the highest offices and nobles do not feel embarrassed to serve under them on several occasions.

The Holy Prophet said, "listen and obey even if Negro as Governor over you."

The concept of free expression in Islam

With regard to the concept of freedom of expression of Islam that some limits and restrictions to maintain personal dignity and self-respect. everyone enjoys freedom of expression but under restrictions laid down and permit go far where his freedom of freedom.Ensuring freedom of some checks and balances instead of denying him his rights.

The concept of God in Islam

Some people also criticism of Islam being fatalistic religion again limiting activities in all areas of life.Critics say Islam preaches that everything was decided before and now nothing can be done to undo the resolutions God. again this the entire image.Let's explore the teachings of the Quran:

And flees not weight corn in Earth or in heaven, Lord, there is less or greater than that, but it is (written) in a book.(Yunus 10: 61)

To him belong the keys of the heavens and the Earth, adding zoom for whomever it pleases westritins to whomever it pleases. surely knows everything perfectly.(42: 12)

Whatever misfortune happens to you, because it may download your hands on things and a lot (of which) is granting exemption.(As-Shura 42: 30)

If any do deeds of righteousness, whether male or female, faith, will enter paradise, not the least injustice will be done for them.(Nisa ' 4: 124)

It is the truth from your Lord; wherefore, let him who will we let him, disbelieving.(Al kahf 18: 29)

It is true that the first and second verses prove the power of "Allah" everything in the universe but the remaining three verses below clearly proves that every misfortune occurs for a man is not the result of wrongdoings decision wrote God blessed everyone adding either male or female based/intentions and actions of their sex.

A right or wrong views regarding decisions of God depends on your ability to discrimination where there is nothing wrong with God. until the necessary facts based on systematic study references to Islamic political system in the light of Quran real image in your mind, put an end to these misconceptions and extreme views on religion peaceful forever.

If you are keen to learn more about Islamic values and teachings visit http://www.helium.com/users/492229/ today to get valuable information on this topic.

This is a question which will receive more or less so from all over the world. However, this article tends to give a "no" as an answer to the question.

To back up the answer to this question, one I understand the reasons why he believed a few source of Islam. terrorism are listed below:

1. selected/terrorists mostly Muslims.
2. they all make religion a terrorist attack.
3. the part of the Koranic verse of the chapter table 5: 45 ' which entailed the risk of punishment in Islam: "ein into".
4. Islam oppresses women in education, work clothes, as well.

This article tries to interpretations are satisfactory to all the misconceptions above.First of all, requires only simple sense to understand that the first point but stereotypes or something circulate the overhasty. people must realize that one regardless of being a religion only after Christianity which guarantees the presence of Christ, Islam is also the second largest religion with the current strength of 1.8 billion followers (30 per cent of world population as a whole) which also makes it the fastest growing religion. Very likely, it can be understood from these facts, all-the terrorist attack at any time at least one or more Muslims participate.

Now taking into account, it is painful to admit but often a large number of Muslim youth of misleading and is plotted terrorism Islamic Islamic leaders-treacherous. Overall leaders on actual political intentions with the name "Jihad" which means "holy war against the Muslims against infidels" in Islam, and earn their trust by its passion for spiritual values. The concept of Jihad is mentioned in the Quran but what these leaders deliberately do not teach young people that only applies when the Kuffaar present a threat to its existence.Always allow Islam and Jihad an unhindered and annoyance would indeed sin.

But one should note that such acts occurs generally in countries with democratic and secular government.For example, India, the world's largest democracy a secular country, so there are many political parties in the country. Now for example bad judgement ruling political party, opposition party will try and create chaos in the city nor misleading the country by involving young people in religious riots because India has the second largest population of Muslims in the world, and also largely Hindu. with these crafty strategy, similar to the strategy Division of the famous British & ", enable the party opposing win otherwise completely manage the ruling party at election time. Since then, a little knowledge is a dangerous thing, young Muslims brainwashed, and experienced abuse. It's not even considering the meaning of the word Islam means "submission" to the will of God "," Islam tends to teach his disciples to live in harmony with nature and then "peace." One must understand that there are many Muslims are bad and there are bad from other religions.

Some people also recall Quran to portray Islam as a religion encourages violence. a typical example is the verse in the Qur'an, chapter table 5: 45 '-z into ". However, people tend to read or hear only part of the verse and then explain statement of context. Full verse: "and I painted them in it (the Torah): life for life, eye for eye, nose, ear for ear nose, age, and retribution (similar) of wounds;" which refers to the law of God was revealed in "the Bible", which refers to the whole body of Jewish scriptures and includes the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. "

This also means that Islam is after the last Abrahamic religions follow the Jewish and Christian. Jews and Christians the book to people in the Quran. Now serving Islam revenge equivalent to kill (verse) but a single also consider other books such as talk and Sharia in one context. To analyse these books one understands that Islam imposes belief that criminal provisions should apply to Government and not to an individual and a series of conditions that must be met before the application of the penalties according to Islamic law. You can reduce the severity of such penalties taking into account factors such as the circumstances under which crime is committed, the accused's mental condition, etc.Thus, an individual sentence "eye into" definitely sin in Islam, Islam does not encourage violence.

Finally, the most common charge on Muslim must face that Islam oppresses women.As well as anywhere in the Qur'aan or other Islamic books that Islam prohibits women from their education.In fact, "the prophet" Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "God, God, Angels and all of the heavens and the Earth, until the ant hills and fish in the water, we call the bottom of those who instruct others in useful knowledge" (Al-tirmidhi, Hadith 422).As can be seen that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "others" rather than a specific gender, this means that knowledge is assumed in Islam to acquire all regardless of gender.Another aspect of clothing.

People say that women in Islam are oppressed since they are forced to wear more modest.True, that in Islam, women in the presence of strangers male (and some men not family members), supposed to disclose only the face and hands ... now, before getting deep into this condition, one question answered that Islam which imposes such laws?Christian nuns wear similar to Muslim women.Why are they doing this? why not Christians, the Church's repression of nuns? according to the first book of Timothy, the women adorn themselves in modest apparel-"... women aiming to adorn themselves in modest apparel ..." (I Timothy 2: 9) and similar practices are also reflected in the Jewish tradition, as well as the clothes. now why modest required? try a scenario where a man with a bad faith (or say desecrates) two women walk one outfit. talking while the other modest clothes much like Islamic or Christian nun. the men more will tempt some malicious intentions? it is clear that this man would not give a second look towards a more modest.

Towards a just, tends to bring in light of Islam and knowledge into one's life, just as any other religion teachings it either ... misinterpreted or by some people for personal gain and persuade people to … make sure their understanding of religion from original sources before reaching a conclusion on Islam.

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From President Obama to the least popular host on MSNBC or progressive talk radio, the American political left cannot find anything to dislike in the Muslim religion. At least, if they do, they are not telling.

Considering Islam's bad record on human rights (see Sudan) on women's rights (see Afghanistan/Pakistan), its belief in a real God, its belief in a holy scripture, its history of 1,400 years of warfare, conquest, forced conversions, persecution of minorities; you'd think, the political left would loath the sound of the call to prayer or the sight of a minaret, like they do the Christian cross and the memory of Jerry Falwell.

What is it that the American left sees in Islam that makes them defend it with the passion of a convert to the Charismatic Catholic Renewal? Explanations to date range from the argument from cowardice: namely, that the left is afraid to criticize Islam because they fear becoming an intentional target of a suicide bomber; to the explanation from Machiavelli, that the left wants to use Islam as a foil against Christianity and Judaism to destroy Christian/Jewish power in America. Of course, the addendum on this argument is, because of the secular left's antipathy to religion, that after their gambit works, they will turn on Islam, and so completely remove the influence of faith from American life.

As inventive as those answers are, I don't see the left composed of a bunch of cowards afraid to criticize anyone or anything. I also disagree that the left would play the dangerous political game of elevating Islam and then turning on it, knowing that the very first purges of society made by an empowered Islam would be against those left-wing members of society.

The most satisfying answer that no one has yet offered is found by looking at the kind of salvation offered by each of the great monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and, of course, Secularism.

Salvation in Judaism

In Judaism, the salvation offered is national. We can prove that by reference to the Hebrew scriptures where it is recorded that the nation was offered a relationship with God. In Judaism, the actions of a single person can bring disaster on the nation; whereas, the righteousness of the nation is required for blessing. One's individual relationship with God in some contexts is constrained by the Jewish nation's relationship with God.

Salvation in Christianity

In Christianity, the salvation offered is personal. One's ethnicity or national origin are facts that do not impede or aid one's personal relationship to God. One is born Jewish, but all Christians are supposed to be converts. Even if your parents were Christians, that heritage does not automatically make you a Christian, at least not in the sense described in the New Testament. Christianity, with its emphasis on individual and personal responsibility before God, has been called the perfect religion for a capitalistic society.

Salvation in Islam

In Islam, the salvation offered is social, not national, and not personal in the way Christianity is personal. One becomes a Muslim by reciting a Koranic exclamation. Everyone in Islam has exactly the same responsibility, the words of the prayers recited are expressed publicly, everyone prays at the same time toward the same geographic spot on the earth, making it social prayer. In Islam, the world-wide religious tax collected from every Muslim goes to provide for the poor.

Look at Islamic societies, like Egypt. Everyone dresses alike, everyone's houses are similar, and everyone speaks the same thoughts (at least publicly). Deviations from socially acceptable speech are punishable by law with beatings and imprisonment. Except for the elite few, everyone lives a similar life, with a similar income. It is only in business that citizens have a hope of gaining materially something more than their neighbors.

Political/Social Salvation

The social salvation offered by Islam is the reason the American political left so "loves" this one monotheistic religion and despises the others. The saying goes, "two cannot walk together unless they be agreed." The American political left agrees with most of Islam's goals and with many of their methods. A world under the control of the American left would look very much like a world under Islamic control. Social salvation (peace) is imposed because every member of society must look like, act like, and think like every other member.

For non-leftists, especially the right-wing commentators, the actions of the political left often seem perplexing and inconsistent. That is because non-leftists usually view political actions from the 30,000 foot level of the nation-state. Even the 50,000 foot multi-nation view of leftist's actions doesn't seem to account for all the political positions leftists take in American society. This is because the American left's actions are driven from the high orbit of a world-viewing satellite. This view from space is primarily a moral view which gives the discourse of the secular left its religious quality and air of moral superiority.

If one believes that no human being should have to choose between satisfying their hunger or their thirst, but not both at the same time, the view from orbit makes sense. From orbit, with the entire world illuminated against the blackness of space, earthly resources are limited. Some human beings have a miserable life because their economics are primative: if they have a drink of water, they cannot have a mid-day meal, if one family member gets a new shirt, the rest must go without shoes.

Other people can go to the richest city on earth, take a penthouse suite in the most expensive hotel, and live there for years without those expenses in any way diminishing their personal wealth. Others can choose between the kinds of luxuries they enjoy, even though they cannot afford everything. Others must choose between wants, but have all their needs satisfied. Not so with many people throughout the world who must choose between basic human needs, and so suffer.

What the Left Believes

To the left, looking at today's default distribution of world resources, the inequalities seems to provide another reason for not believing in a good God. If they (the left) could re-distribute resources so every single human being had at least their basic material needs met (water, food, shelter, clothing, employment), those who accomplished this redistribution would be the gods of this new world order. It's a high moral view because it cares about human suffering and finds no technical reason that economic discrepancies between societies should continue.

Convergence of Islam and the Left

Islam believes if all humanity submits to Mohammed's revelation, then there will be peace. Radical Islam proclaims that until all the world submits, peace for any in non-Islamic society will not be allowed. Furthermore, Islamic societies are driven by top-down, non-democratic means. The elites make the social decisions, for everyone else those decisions amount to the will of God. The political left loves this kind of societal organization because only in this way can their goals be achieved.

The American left is uncritical of Islamic societies not because they don't privately opposes Islamic religious ideas, but because Islam and the left both offer a human, social salvation. Islam imposes their salvation in the name of God. The American left would impose their social salvation in the name of the moral goal of eliminating needs-based human suffering. For the political left to criticize Islam would be to criticize themselves, something those with a high, external, moral purpose will not do.

This explains why Christianity, because of its emphasis on the personal and individual, cannot be tolerated and must be rebuked or marginalized at every opportunity. A Christian society, including even a degenerate western society originally based upon Christian ideas, is an enemy of both Islam and secular political thought because of its elevation of the individual. The elimination of human suffering caused by the inequitable distribution of resources is a goal that rises above the prosperity of a single nation or the possible achievements of any single member of those societies. An all-powerful God could have designed a better system, but because He didn't, the left will rise to the challenge and do the work He should have done, but certainly only in their own name, not in His.

It is true that achieving the end of human needs-based suffering is technically possible. That possibility makes it a moral imperative. Private religious/charitable organizations can only redistribute the gifts of individuals. Governmental/societal redistribution, like the Islamic tax for the poor,  is no longer charity - it is public policy. Such a policy carries not only a moral imperative to the conscience, but the hefty sword of governmental enforcement. It is such a lofty moral goal, that should a portion of the human race suffer the loss of a privileged lifestyle from this necessary re-organization, so be it. At least appears to be the perspective the left offers.

Understanding this connection between Islamic and leftist political salvation explains everything. The left is often accused of condescending, arrogance, and elitism. But if your religion offered a salvation that could bring the world and all of humankind political and social peace, while your opponents followed the teachings of a God who couldn't accomplish what you can, how else could you feel?

The citizens of any country (especially in the West) cannot be allowed to think as individuals who are responsible to God first and only secondarily (and tangentially) responsible to government. National citizens must become world citizens and this means individuals in a society must think as a group, part of a world society in which every culture shares equally. In Islam this view is God's will and so it is a salvation that should be imposed as perhaps a last resort. For the true believers on the American political left, their high moral purpose for the good of humankind must also be imposed, not just as an arrogant exercise of power, but because individuals cannot do it, single nations or groups of nations acting individually cannot accomplish it. Like Islam, if the American left cannot argue society into accepting their moral imperative, as a last resort and for the benefit of humankind, it will have to be imposed. 

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